C-sections are also carried out for personal and social reasons on maternal request in some countries. [7], In 2012, about 23 million C-sections were done globally. 8. [16], In Canada, the difference in serious morbidity or mortality for the mother (e.g. At that time the procedure was performed only when the mother was dead or dying, as an attempt to save the child for a state wishing to increase its population. There are several steps that can be taken during abdominal or pelvic surgery to minimize postoperative complications, such as the formation of adhesions. Caesareans caused some short-term problems for mothers such as more abdominal pain. A cesarean section is a way to deliver a baby by cutting through the skin of the mother's abdomen. [25][26][61], For otherwise healthy twin pregnancies where both twins are head down a trial of vaginal delivery is recommended at between 37 and 38 weeks. [88] Pain during sexual intercourse is less likely than after vaginal birth; by six months there is no difference. For instance, the baby might not get enough oxygen during the birth. [10] Descriptions of mothers surviving date back to 1500, with earlier attests to ancient times (including the apocryphal account of Julius Caesar being born by Caesarean section, a commonly stated origin of the term). [30] Among women in the United Kingdom, Sweden and Australia, about 7% preferred caesarean section as a method of delivery. [31] When the first twin is not head down at the point of labor starting, a caesarean section should be recommended. [15], Adverse outcomes in low-risk pregnancies occur in 8.6% of vaginal deliveries and 9.2% of caesarean section deliveries. HCUP Statistical Brief #165. Babies born bottom-first are more likely to be harmed during a normal (vaginal) birth than those born head-first. [3][4] Some C-sections are performed without a medical reason, upon request by someone, usually the mother. Many of the earliest successful cesarean sections took place in remote rural areas lacking in medical staff and facilities. In the United States almost one quarter of all babies are now delivered by cesarean section -- approximately 982,000 babies in 1990. [30] For the first couple of weeks after a cesarean, women should avoid lifting anything heavier than their baby. Caesarean section, also known as C-section, or caesarean delivery, is the surgical procedure by which a baby is delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen, often performed because vaginal delivery would put the baby or mother at risk. [2] An incision of about 15 cm (6 inches) is then typically made through the mother's lower abdomen. True False Question 8 of 10. [8], Some of these efforts are: emphasizing a long latent phase of labor is not abnormal and not a justification for C-section; a new definition of the start of active labor from a cervical dilatation of 4 cm to a dilatation of 6 cm; and allowing women who have previously given birth to push for at least 2 hours, with 3 hours of pushing for women who have not previously given birth, before labor arrest is considered. Although obstetricians and midwives are extensively trained in proper procedures for breech presentation deliveries using simulation mannequins, there is decreasing experience with actual vaginal breech delivery, which may increase the risk. [72] The Misgave Ladach method is a surgery technical that may have fewer secondary complications and faster healing, due to the insertion into the muscle. Ultimately, though, we cannot be sure of where or when the term cesarean was derived. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, use caesarean,[145] as do most British works. [2], A C-section typically takes 45 minutes to an hour. The Arabic term (ولادة قيصرية wilaada qaySaríyya) also means "caesarean birth." There are 31 root operations in the medical and surgical section, which are arranged in groups with similar attributes (see the table “Medical and Surgical Section Root Operations” on page 59 for an alphabetical listing of all 31 root operations in the medical and surgical section). A vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) confers a higher risk of uterine rupture (5 per 1,000), blood transfusion or endometritis (10 per 1,000), and perinatal death of the child (0.25 per 1,000). During this time, women may experience abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. Complications of labor and factors increasing the risk associated with vaginal delivery include: Other complications of pregnancy, pre-existing conditions, and concomitant disease, include: The prevalence of caesarean section is generally agreed to be higher than needed in many countries, and physicians are encouraged to actively lower the rate, as a caesarean rate higher than 10-15% is not associated with reductions in maternal or infant mortality rates,[4] although some evidence support that a higher rate of 19% may result in better outcomes. Cesarean section, surgical removal of a fetus from the uterus through an abdominal incision. [140], Some link with Julius Caesar or with Roman emperors exists in other languages as well. [24] Furthermore, 20% to 40% of planned VBAC attempts end in caesarean section being needed, with greater risks of complications in an emergency repeat caesarean section than in an elective repeat caesarean section. [2], C-sections result in a small overall increase in poor outcomes in low-risk pregnancies. [34] [133] Nonetheless, even if the etymological hypothesis linking the caesarean section to Julius Caesar is a false etymology, it has been widely believed. When they do, they may need to spend time in the neonatal intensive care unit, usually for a few days. The history of cesarean section can be understood best in the broader context of the history of childbirth and general medicine þ histories that also have been characterized by dramatic changes. [8] In the United States as of 2017, about 32% of deliveries are by C-section. [2][3] A trial of vaginal birth after C-section may be possible.
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