A nurse is teaching a male client with chronic respiratory failure how to use a metered-dose inhaler correctly. Because of superficial vasoconstriction, using a cooling blanket can lower peripheral oxygen saturation readings, but SaO2 levels wouldn't be affected. As the respiratory center in the brain becomes depressed, hypoxia occurs, producing wheezing, bradycardia, and a decreased respiratory rate. Pneumothorax can cause increased airway pressure because of resistance to lung inflation. Clients without a pneumothorax should have no evidence of bubbling in the chamber. Patients who have COPD are experiencing limited airflow due to obstructive pulmonary disease. Answer B. When percussing the client's chest wall, the nurse expects to elicit: Answer A. four. Text Mode â Text version of the exam 1. A male client has been admitted with chest trauma after a motor vehicle accident and has undergone subsequent intubation. Other modes â simple mask, face tent and nasal cannula â deliver lower levels of FIO2. Eating more than three large meals a day may cause fullness, making breathing uncomfortable and difficult; however, it doesn't increase oxygen demands. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse? Options B, C, and D are accurate instructions regarding the use of the inhaler. Pneumonia Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma that commonly impairs gas exchange. This is a high-pitched, coarse sound that is heard with the stethoscope over the trachea. The nursing instructor asks a nursing student to describe the route of transmission of tuberculosis. Hyperventilation (respiratory rate greater than that metabolically necessary for gas exchange) is marked by an increased respiratory rate or tidal volume, or both. Stridor indicates airway edema and places the client at risk for airway obstruction. Answer A. Pursed-lip breathing helps prevent early airway collapse. âA lubricated ultrasound wand will be inserted in the vagina to visualize the fetus. A female client with interstitial lung disease is prescribed prednisone (Deltasone) to control inflammation. Start studying Gas Exchange NCLEX. The client asks the nurse to explain the purpose of this breathing technique. The nurse must preoxygenate the client before suctioning and limit the suctioning pass to 10 seconds. The Respiratory System is responsible for taking oxygen in and expelling carbon dioxide out. Answer B. This is followed by increasing dyspnea, air hunger, retraction of accessory muscles, and cyanosis. For a male client with an endotracheal (ET) tube, which nursing action is most essential? Answer A. A client who discontinues prednisone abruptly may experience: Answer B. This means that the force of inspiration pulls the fractured segment inward, while the rest of the chest expands. The client should be encouraged to cough and not spit so as to obtain sputum. The best intervention to raise the PaCO2 level would be to have the client breathe into a paper bag. Options A, B, and C are incorrect client instructions. Therefore, the combination of a pH value of 7.25 and a PaCO2 value of 50 mm Hg confirms respiratory acidosis. one . All of the NCLEX sample questions have been carefully chosen and emulate the style of questions you can expect on test day. Although many noncardiac conditions may cause pulmonary edema, an ineffective cough isn't one of them. Once the client is stabilized, the nurse begins discharge teaching. Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation Practice Quiz. Options B, C, and D are not signs that require immediate notification of the physician. COPD limits gas exchange which can lead to serious complications that affect the ⦠Oxygen toxicity results from prolonged administration of high oxygen concentrations, not an ineffective cough. A nurse has assisted a physician with the insertion of a chest tube. The ideal oxygen source is room air F IO 2 0.18 to 0.21. Typical signs and symptoms include pain and tenderness localized at the fracture site and exacerbated by inspiration and palpation, shallow respirations, splinting or guarding the chest protectively to minimize chest movement, and possible bruising at the fracture site. Nurse Hannah is preparing to obtain a sputum specimen from a client. A female client with asthma is receiving a theophylline preparation to promote bronchodilation. Semiconsciousness is a state of impaired consciousness characterized by limited motor and verbal responses and decreased orientation. In a client with emphysema, albuterol is used as a bronchodilator. Answer A. Hypoxia is the main breathing stimulus for a client with COPD. A female client with chest injury has suffered flail chest. The instructor concludes that the student understands this information if the student states that the tuberculosis is transmitted by: Answer B. To decrease accessory muscle use and thus reduce the work of breathing, the client may need to learn diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing. If the level is below the therapeutic range, the client may experience frequent exacerbations of the disorder. If agency policy permits, the nurse then attempts immediately to replace the tube. Paradoxical respirations are seen with flail chest. A patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a. support the family and help them understand the, Nurse Paul is assisting a physician with the removal, A nurse is caring for a male client immediately after, An emergency room nurse is assessing a female, A nurse is caring for a female client after a, A nurse is suctioning fluids from a female client. The tube is quickly withdrawn, and an airtight dressing is taped in place. . Read each question carefully and choose the best answer. A nurse is assessing a female client with multiple trauma who is at risk for developing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Answer C. The most significant and direct indicator of the effectiveness of oxygen therapy is the PaO2 value. You are given 1 minute per question, a total of 10 minutes in this quiz.P.S / (PaCO2 values are in mm Hg and bicarbonate values in mmol/l). A nurse checks the client when the high-pressure alarm on the ventilator sounds, and notes that the client has absence of breathe sounds in right upper lobe of the lung. The client is immediately given oxygen by face mask and methylprednisolone (Depo-medrol) I.V. If the chest drainage system is disconnected, the end of the tube is placed in a bottle of sterile water held below the level of the chest. Nurse Oliver observes constant bubbling in the water-seal chamber of a closed chest drainage system. In immunosuppressed clients, a negative reaction doesn't exclude the presence of active disease. Based on this assessment, which action would be appropriate? Which of the following statements concerning PPD testing is true? Steps for obtaining sputum culture (in order). (A client with emphysema may have an I:E ratio as high as 1:4.). When checking the client's respiratory status, the nurse observes respiratory excursion to help assess: Answer D. The nurse observes respiratory excursion to help assess chest movements. A nurse is scheduling a client for her first OB appointment at about 8 weeks pregnant, when the client expresses concern about what to expect. Diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing are two controlled breathing techniques that help the client conserve energy. Answer D. The therapeutic serum theophylline concentration ranges from 10 to 20 mcg/ml. three . A client with chronic bronchitis should drink at least 2,000 ml of fluid daily to thin mucus secretions; restricting fluid intake may be harmful. Performing it immediately before a meal may tire the client and impair the ability to eat. A nurse is assessing the respiratory status of a male client who has suffered a fractured rib. A male client admitted to an acute care facility with pneumonia is receiving supplemental oxygen, 2 L/minute via nasal cannula. A sucking sound at the site of injury would be noted with an open chest injury. PH, 7.40; PaCO2 35 mm Hg and pH, 7.35; PaCO2 40 mm Hg represent normal ABG values, reflecting normal gas exchange in the lungs. Impaired gas exchange related to airflow obstruction Answer D. A patent airway and an adequate breathing pattern are the top priority for any client, making impaired gas exchange related to airflow obstruction the most important nursing diagnosis. Practice Mode â Questions and choices are randomly arranged, the answer is revealed instantly after each question, and there is no time limit for the exam. Respiratory disorders interfere with airway clearance, breathing patterns, and gas exchange. Dull sounds, normally heard only over the liver and heart, may occur over dense lung tissue, such as from consolidation or a tumor. If a chest drainage system is disconnected, the nurse may place the end of the chest tube in a container of sterile saline or water to prevent air from entering the chest tube, thereby preventing negative respiratory pressure. Sitting up on the side of the bed, leaning on an overbed table. Because of the risk of drug toxicity, the nurse must monitor the client's serum theophylline level closely. Additional fluids are unnecessary because no contrast dye is used that would need flushing from the system. . Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A nurse assesses the client for which most distinctive sign of flail chest? If not corrected, they can adversely affect many other body systems and can be life-threatening. Prior attempts at weaning and ECG results are documented on the client's record, and the nurse can refer to them before the weaning process begins. Learning this technique helps the client control respiration during periods of excitement, anxiety, exercise, and respiratory distress. Answer D. Rib fractures are a common injury, especially in the older client, and result from a blunt injury or a fall. In pursed-lip breathing, the client mimics a normal inspiratory-expiratory (I:E) ratio of 1:2. When weaning the client from the tracheostomy tube, the nurse initially should plug the opening in the tube for: Answer B. After undergoing a thoracotomy, a male client is receiving epidural analgesia. Answer A. The client with emphysema has hyperinflation of the alveoli and flattening of the diaphragm. The optimal time to obtain a specimen is on arising in the morning. A male client with pneumococcal pneumonia is admitted to an acute care facility. Because of these history findings, the nurse closely monitors the oxygen flow and the client's respiratory status. Nurse Eve formulates a nursing diagnosis of Activity intolerance related to inadequate oxygenation and dyspnea for a client with chronic bronchitis. A male client abruptly sits up in bed, reports having difficulty breathing and has an arterial oxygen saturation of 88%. Although septicemia may arise when any infection becomes overwhelming, it rarely results from influenza. A nurse teaches a male client about the use of a respiratory inhaler. Start studying Acid/Base, Fluid/Electrolyte, Gas exchange Practice NCLEX questions. On arrival at the intensive care unit, a critically ill female client suffers respiratory arrest and is placed on mechanical ventilation. Answer C. If a biopsy was performed during a bronchoscopy, blood-streaked sputum is expected for several hours. Because of this client's dark skin, the nurse should assess for cyanosis by inspecting the: Answer B. Text Mode â Text version of the exam 1. A male adult client with cystic fibrosis is admitted to an acute care facility with an acute respiratory infection. Other complications of influenza include myositis, exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Reye's syndrome. It looks like your browser needs an update. Values below 10 mcg/ml aren't therapeutic. Bubbling should be continuous and not intermittent. four. A positive reaction consists of palpable swelling and induration of 5 to 15 mm. Patients who have COPD are experiencing limited airflow due to obstructive pulmonary disease. The ABG results reveal respiratory alkalosis. Drinking three glasses of fluid daily wouldn't affect gas exchange or be sufficient to liquefy secretions, which are common in COPD. Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be moved out of the lungs after maximal inspiration and expiration. Oxygen is used cautiously and should not exceed 2 L/min. This results in a "floating" section of ribs. The nurse is assigned a group of patients. The nurse monitors the adult client and notes fluctuation of the fluid level in the water seal chamber after the tube is inserted. An ineffective cough doesn't cause pleural effusion (fluid accumulation in the pleural space). Answer C. Constant bubbling in the chamber indicates an air leak and requires immediate intervention. The prognosis is usually good for people who have normal lungs and adequate host defenses before the onset of pneumonia; however, bacterial pneumonia is the fifth leading cause of death in debilitated patients. Such conditions include: Answer B. The therapeutic range for the serum theophylline level is 10 to 20 mcg/mL. Answer D. Hypotension, hypothermia, and vasoconstriction may alter pulse oximetry values by reducing arterial blood flow. c. Stop the procedure and reoxygenate the client. c. The patient's PaO2 is 90 mm Hg, and the SaO2 is 92%. Percussion and vibration, components of chest physiotherapy, may worsen bronchospasms; therefore, the procedure is contraindicated in clients with bronchospasms. The physician may need to be notified, but this is not the initial action. a. What is the normal pH range for arterial blood? Oh no! The nurse should keep the collection chamber below chest level to allow fluids to drain into it. Which combination of arterial blood gas (ABG) values confirms respiratory acidosis? Which of the following would be most appropriate for a male client with an arterial blood gas (ABG) of pH 7.5, PaCO2 26 mm Hg, O2 saturation 96%, HCO3 24 mEq/L, and PaO2 94 mm Hg? Which action by the client indicates a need for further teaching? Tidal volume is the amount of air inspired and expired with each breath. The first priority when caring for a client with a tracheostomy is: Answer B. This type of breathing allows better expiration by increasing airway pressure that keeps air passages open during exhalation. Propranolol is contraindicated in a client who's wheezing because it's a beta2 adrenergic antagonist. D. Impaired gas exchange related to airflow obstruction Patient's airway & an adequate breathing pattern are the top priority for any patient, therefore "impaired gas exchange related to ⦠The nurse knows that the therapeutic theophylline concentration falls within which range? Practice Mode â Questions and choices are randomly arranged, the answer is revealed instantly after each question, and there is no time limit for the exam. Excessive oxygen administration may lead to apnea by removing that stimulus. Med-Surg | Respiratory. ABG Interpretation Quiz. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure reading is 12mm Hg. Skin color doesn't affect the mucous membranes. To obtain a sputum specimen, the client should rinse the mouth to reduce contamination, breathe deeply, and then cough into a sputum specimen container. In this section are the practice problems and questions for arterial blood gas interpretation. He's placed on mechanical ventilation with a fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) of 0.9. Typically, epidural analgesia causes central nervous system depression (indicated by drowsiness) as well as a decreased heart rate and blood pressure. This NCLEX review will discuss ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). a. Hypercapnic respiratory failure related, The nurse is caring for a patient who was. While changing the tapes on a tracheostomy tube, the male client coughs and the tube is dislodged. All of these conditions limit the usefulness of pulse oximetry. Spend your time wisely! Hematuria is unrelated to this procedure. An unconscious male client is admitted to an, A female client has just returned to a nursing, d. Ensuring the return of the gag reflex before, A nurse is assessing the respiratory status of a, A female client with chest injury has suffered, A male client has been admitted with chest, A nurse is assessing a female client with. The common feature of all types of pneumonia is an inflammatory pulmonary response to the offending organism or agent. If side effects develop, especially cardiac irregularities, the procedure is stopped and the client is reoxygenated. Chest x-rays reveal a hyperinflated chest and a flattened diaphragm if the disease is advanced. Correct answer: one . Options B and C represent normal ABG values, reflecting normal gas exchange in the lungs. By taking the practice tests, you are working to reinforce your knowledge of healthcare and biology, all while reviewing important information. Choose from 500 different sets of gas exchange nclex flashcards on Quizlet. Answer B. The initial nursing action is to: Answer B. Answer A. Answer B. Diabetes Mellitus Quiz. Here are Nclex Questions on Legal Issues Part-1 for your exam Practice. A nurse is assessing a male client with chronic airflow limitations and notes that the client has a "barrel chest." A community health nurse is conducting an educational session with community members regarding tuberculosis. COPD limits gas exchange which can lead to serious complications that affect the ⦠. Which vital sign abnormality may alter pulse oximetry values? The client should be instructed to hold his or her breath for at least 10 to 15 seconds before exhaling the mist. Because the client is extremely weak and can't produce an effective cough, the nurse should monitor closely for: Answer C. In a client with COPD, an ineffective cough impedes secretion removal. A female client is undergoing a complete physical examination as a requirement for college. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) 4. A presumptive diagnosis is made based on a tuberculin skin test, a sputum smear that is positive for acid-fast bacteria, a chest x-ray, and histological evidence of granulomatous disease on biopsy. A male client who takes theophylline for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is seen in the urgent care center for respiratory distress. Answer D. A patent airway and an adequate breathing pattern are the top priority for any client, making impaired gas exchange related to airflow obstruction the most important nursing diagnosis. Flat sounds, soft and high-pitched, are heard over airless tissue and can be replicated by percussing the thigh or a bony structure. What should the nurse conclude? Emergency Nursing & Triage. In clients with positive reactions, further studies are usually done to rule out active disease. Initially, the nurse should plug the opening in the tracheostomy tube for 5 to 20 minutes, and then gradually lengthen this interval according to the client's respiratory status. A black male client with asthma seeks emergency care for acute respiratory distress. Morphine is a respiratory center depressant and is contraindicated in this situation. All of the other options â such as administering a decongestant, offering fluids frequently, and administering supplemental oxygen â wouldn't raise the lowered PaCO2 level. The nurse obtains a complete history and performs a thorough physical examination, paying special attention to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. A moderate fluid intake (usually 2 L or more daily) and moderate activity help liquefy and mobilize secretions. What action is appropriate? A female client is suspected of having a pulmonary embolus. Exam Mode â Questions and choices are randomly arranged, time limit of 1min per question, answers and grade will be revealed after finishing the exam. The nurse should encourage the client to eat a high-protein snack at bedtime because protein digestion produces an amino acid with sedating effects that may ease the insomnia associated with chronic bronchitis. It may be either primary influenza viral pneumonia or pneumonia secondary to a bacterial infection. All questions are shown, but the results will only be given after youâve finished the quiz. In addition, a low bicarbonate level along with the low pH would indicate a metabolic state. -6 questions COPD Welcome to our collection of free NCLEX practice questions to help you achieve success on your NCLEX-RN exam! The nurse immediately assesses for other signs of: Answer A. Pneumothorax is characterized by restlessness, tachycardia, dyspnea, pain with respiration, asymmetrical chest expansion, and diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side. vancomycin (Vancocin). The common clinical manifestations of pulmonary embolism are tachypnea, tachycardia, dyspnea, and chest pain. With normal breathing, the water level rises with inspiration and falls with expiration. . During the suctioning procedure, the nurse notes on the monitor that the heart rate is decreasing. The other options reflect the client's ventilation status, not oxygenation. Other potential complications include hypotension, decreased sensation and movement of the extremities, allergic reactions, and urine retention. Options 1 and 3 will delay treatment in this emergency situation. Possible Answers: two . The client should be assessed for signs of complications, which would include cyanosis, dyspnea, stridor, bronchospasm, hemoptysis, hypotension, tachycardia, and dysrhythmias. Nurse Paul is assisting a physician with the removal of a chest tube. Secretions that have mobilized (especially when suction equipment isn't available) are a contraindication for postural drainage, another component of chest physiotherapy. He has a respiratory rate of 44 breaths/minute. If the chest drainage system is accidentally disconnected, what should the nurse plan to do? A male client with Guillain-Barré syndrome develops respiratory acidosis as a result of reduced alveolar ventilation. Answer D. In respiratory acidosis, ABG analysis reveals an arterial pH below 7.35 and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) above 45 mm Hg. Since you are here, this quiz will let you know how much you are prepared for the NCLEX exam. The nurse monitors the client closely for complications. It's given by nebulization or metered-dose inhalation and may be given as often as every 30 to 60 minutes until relief is accomplished. Answer A. The nurse is caring for a male client who recently underwent a tracheostomy. Clinical manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include hypoxemia, hypercapnia, dyspnea on exertion and at rest, oxygen desaturation with exercise, and the use of accessory muscles of respiration. Coughing and incentive spirometry improves oxygenation and should raise or maintain oxygen saturation. This is an NCLEX review for chronic bronchitis vs emphysema. Myoglobin can bind with __________ molecule (s) of oxygen, while hemoglobin can bind with __________ molecule (s) of oxygen. A nurse is caring for a male client hospitalized with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which condition is a predisposing factor for respiratory alkalosis? Concept 16: Gas Exchange Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A male elderly client is admitted to an acute care facility with influenza. Diseases of the Respiratory System 2. Answer A. The nurse should not strip chest tubes because doing so may traumatize the tissue or dislodge the tube. Option C is incorrect. To avoid a hypotensive reaction from rapid I.V. When suctioning, the nurse must limit the. The score will be posted as soon as you are done with the quiz. The lips, nail beds, and earlobes are less reliable indicators of cyanosis because they're affected by skin color. . Question #334690. Because of the long-standing hypercapnia that occurs in emphysema, the respiratory drive is triggered by low oxygen levels rather than increased carbon dioxide levels, as is the case in a normal respiratory system. Atropine and midazolam would be administered before the procedure, not after. In an acidotic condition, the pH would be low, indicating the acidosis. The nurse should measure and document the amount of chest tube drainage regularly to detect abnormal drainage patterns, such as may occur with a hemorrhage (if excessive) or a blockage (if decreased). Sputum can be thinned by fluids or by a respiratory treatment such as inhalation of nebulized saline or water. Options A, C, and D are incorrect. NCLEX-PN Practice Questions. It looks like your browser needs an update. However, the decrease in cardiac output triggers compensatory mechanisms, such as an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity. Create a free account today. He's anxious, and wheezes are audible. The nurse interprets that this readings is: Answer C. The normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is 8 to 13 mm Hg, and the client is considered to have high readings if they exceed 18 to 20 mm Hg. The nurse caring for a male client with a chest tube turns the client to the side, and the chest tube accidentally disconnects. The presence of fluctuation of the fluid level in the water seal chamber indicates a patent drainage system. To help maintain adequate nutritional intake, the client with chronic bronchitis should eat small, frequent meals (up to six a day). An endotracheal tube that is inserted too far can cause absent breath sounds, but the lack of breath sounds most likely would be on the left side because of the degree of curvature of the right and left main stem bronchi. These results indicate the presence of: Answer A. Answer B. If the tube is dislodged accidentally, the initial nursing action is to grasp the retention sutures and spread the opening. Continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber indicates a leak in the closed chest drainage system, which must be corrected. A pH value of 5.0 with a PaCO2 value of 30 mm Hg indicates respiratory alkalosis. These lead to increased anteroposterior diameter, referred to as "barrel chest." NCLEX Select All That Apply Practice Exam 1 A patient is admitted to the same day surgery unit for liver biopsy. One particularly helpful aspect of the NCLEX practice tests is the results page. A vasovagal response may occur, causing bradycardia. It may cause a change in the heart rate, but this is an adverse, not therapeutic, effect. Hyperresonant sounds indicate increased air in the lungs or pleural space; they're louder and lower pitched than resonant sounds. Answer A. Option D is incorrect because bubbling should be gentle. The nurse should tape the chest tube securely to prevent it from being disconnected, rather than taping it after it has been disconnected. Therefore, options B, C, and D are incorrect. This is made up of two parts: the mucus produced by respiratory goblet cells, and the wave-like movement of cilia covering the bronchioles and bronchi of the lung. The initial nursing action is to: Answer B. Maintaining a patent airway is the most basic and critical human need. Free NCLEX practice problem - Gas Exchange. Anginal pain results from a reduced myocardial oxygen supply. This is a quiz that contains NCLEX review questions about COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Answer C. Flail chest results from fracture of two or more ribs in at least two places each. A female client has a tracheostomy but doesn't require continuous mechanical ventilation. Pulmonary disease (COPD), which nursing action best promotes adequate gas exchange? All our NCLEX Practice questions are taken from reliable sources like Lippincott, Saunders, Kaplan ⦠The client with a pneumothorax will have intermittent bubbling in the water-seal chamber. Respiratory alkalosis results from alveolar hyperventilation, not excessive oxygen administration. Upon assessing the client, the nurse discovers wheezing, bradycardia, and a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/minute. Answer A. Answer D. Respiratory depression is the most serious complication of epidural analgesia. Myasthenia gravis and narcotic overdose suppress the respiratory drive, causing CO2 retention, not CO2 loss; this may lead to respiratory acidosis, not alkalosis. Although most types of pneumonia have a sudden onset, a few (such as anaerobic bacterial pneumonia and mycoplasmal pneumonia) have an insidious onset. When percussing the chest wall, the nurse expects to elicit resonant sounds â low-pitched, hollow sounds heard over normal lung tissue. Although pneumonia usually causes an elevated WBC count, some types, such as mycoplasmal pneumonia, don't. Chest tubes should only be clamped to check for an air leak or when changing drainage devices (according to agency policy). The system is replaced if it breaks or cracks or if the collection chamber is full. It can be read 48 to 72 hours after the injection. Basic symptoms of a closed pneumothorax are shortness of breath and chest pain. Conditions that increase oxygen demands include obesity, smoking, exposure to temperature extremes, and stress. Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, GI bleeding, restlessness, and seizures are common adverse effects of corticosteroid therapy, not its sudden cessation. . Options A, C, and D are incorrect. Maternity Nursing. Answer A. Residual volume is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after forcibly exhaling. administration, the nurse should infuse vancomycin slowly, over 60 to 90 minutes, in a large volume of fluid. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary embolism are not characterized by absent breath sounds. A larger pneumothorax may cause tachypnea, cyanosis, diminished breath sounds, and subcutaneous emphysema. The physician orders pulse oximetry to monitor the client's arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) noninvasively. Example Question #1 : Gas Exchange. A positive reaction means the client has been exposed to TB; it isn't conclusive of the presence of active disease. Similarly, during exhalation, the segment balloons outward while the rest of the chest moves inward.
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